Documentation Turabian Style
UWF Writing Lab
Excerpted from Kate L. Turabian A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Sixth Edition.
The Turabian Format for term papers uses either footnotes and a bibliography or parenthetical references with a references page.
TITLE PAGE, PAGINATION, PARAGRAPH INDENTATION, AND BLOCK QUOTATIONS
The title page should include the name of the university, the title of the paper, the course name and number, the date, and the name of the writer.
Page numbers should be centered at the top or placed in the upper right-hand corner of all pages except the title page.
Paragraphs are indented six block spaces.
A block quotation consists of two or more sentences that run to eight or more lines of text in a paper. Such a quotation should be set off from the text, single spaced, and indented in its entirety four spaces from the left margin with no quotation marks at the beginning or end. Double space between the text and the block quotation.
FOOTNOTES OR ENDNOTES
A note number should immediately follow the passage to which it refers. Numbering should start at number one; in papers with no chapter divisions, numbering runs continuously throughout. (With chapter divisions, numbering starts at the beginning of each chapter.) Notes should be arranged in numerical order either at the foot of the page (footnotes) or at the end of the paper (endnotes). A footnote must begin at the bottom of the page on which it is referenced. Indent the first line of each footnote six spaces; single space within the footnote, and double space between footnotes.
BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR
John Hope Franklin, George Washington Williams: A Biography (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985), 54.
BOOK WITH TWO OR THREE AUTHORS
Brian W. Kernigham and Dennis M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1978), 185.
BOOK WITH MORE THAN THREE AUTHORS
Martin Greenberger and others, eds., Networks for Research and Education: Sharing of Computer and Information Resources Nationwide (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1974), 50.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard Jackson, “Running Down the Up-Escalator: Regional Inequality in Papua New Guinea,” Australian Geographer 14 (May 1979): 180.
MAGAZINE ARTICLE
Bruce Weber, “The Myth Maker: The Creative Mind of Novelist E.L. Doctorow,” New York Times Magazine, 20 October 1985, 42.
EDITOR AS AUTHOR
Robert von Hallberg, ed., Canons (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 225.
ASSOCIATION OR INSTITUTION AS AUTHOR
American Library Association, Young Adult Services Division, Services Statement Development Committee, Directions for Library Service to Young Adults (Chicago: American Library Association, 1978), 25.
WORK WITH NO AUTHOR GIVEN
The Lottery (London: J. Watts [1732]), 20-25.
When references to the same work follow one another without any intervening reference, the abbreviation “ibid” is used, followed by the page reference:
Max Plowman, Introduction to the Study of Blake (London: Gollancz, 1952), 32.
Ibid., 68.
If there is an intervening reference, the subsequent reference consists of the author’s last name, the title of the book or article (in shortened form if longer than five words), and the specific page reference.
Max Plowman, Introduction to the Study of Blake (London: Gollancz, 1952), 58-59.
Elspeth Longacre, “Blake’s Conception of the Devil,” Studies in English 90 (June 1937): 384.
Plowman, Study of Blake, 125.
Note: The title in a subsequent reference may be omitted if there is only one work cited by that author.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The works cited list is alphabetized by the author’s last name. Use hanging indentation; that is, the first line should be flush with the left margin, and subsequent lines indented five spaces.
Works Cited
American Library Association, Young Adult Services Division, Services Statement Development Committee, Directions for Library Service to Young Adults. Chicago: American Library Association, 1978.
Franklin, John Hope. George Washington Williams: A Biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
Greenberger, Martin, Julius Aronofsky, James L. McKenney and William F. Massey, eds. Networks for Research and Education: Sharing of Computer and Information Resources Nationwide. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1974.
Jackson, Richard. “Running Down the Up-Escalator: Regional Inequality in Papua New Guinea.” Australian Geographer 14 (May 1979): 175-180.
Kernigham, Brian W., and Dennis M. Ritchie. The C Programming Language. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1978.
Longacre, Elspeth. “Blake’s Conception of the Devil.” Studies in English 90 (June 1937): 384.
The Lottery. London: J. Watts [1732].
Plowman, Max. Introduction to the Study of Blake. London: Gollancz, 1952.
von Hallberg, Robert, ed. Canons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Weber, Bruce. “The Myth Maker: The Creative Mind of Novelist E.L. Doctorow.” New York Times Magazine, 20 October 1985, 42.
PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES AND REFERENCE LISTS
Authors’ names, dates of publication, and page numbers may be given in parentheses within the text and keyed to a list of works cited:
(Franklin 1985, 54)
In the works cited list, the date of publication is listed immediately after the author’s name instead of at the end of the publishing information, as it is in the bibliography. Titles of books and articles are capitalized in sentence style; that is, only the first word of a title or subtitle and proper nouns and proper adjectives are capitalized. Titles of books are underlined, but titles of articles do not appear in quotation marks.
Entries in the reference list would appear as follows:
Franklin, John Hope. 1985. George Washington Williams: A biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Weber, Bruce. 1985 “The myth maker: The creative mind of novelist E.L. Doctorow,” New York Times Magazine, 20 October, 42.
This reference list also appears in alphabetical order.