Neuron Classification

By Function

1. Sensory Receptor Cells

Detect energy changes in the environment

Rods and cones in the retina of the eye

Hair cells in the cochlea of the ear

Olfactory receptors in the nose, etc.

2. Sensory Neurons, or Afferent Neurons

Conduct sensory information toward the CNS

Found in peripheral nervous system

3. Interneurons, or Internuncial Cells, or Association Neurons

Interconnect sensory and motor neurons, and interneurons

Information processing and decision making function

Most common type of neuron by far

Intrinsic neurons (usually)

4. Motor Neurons, or Efferent Neurons, or Effector Neurons

Conduct commands to muscles and glands

Found in spinal cord, brain stem, and ANS ganglia

5. Neurosecretory Cells

Secrete hormones and similar substances

Hypothalamus of brain, adrenal medulla gland, etc.